马氏体： 对固态的铁基合金(钢铁及其他铁基合金)以及非铁金属及合金而言，是无扩散的共格切变型相转变，即马氏体转变的产物。就铁基合金而言，是过冷奥氏体发生无扩散的共格切变型相转变即马氏体转变所形成的产物。铁基合金中常见的马氏体，就其本质而言，是碳和(或)合金元素在α铁中的过饱和固溶体。就铁-碳二元合金而言，是碳在α铁中的过饱和固溶体。
铁素体： 铁或其内固溶有一种或数种其他元素所形成的晶体点阵为体心立方的固溶体。
奥氏体：铁内固溶有碳和(或)其他元素的、晶体结构为面心立方的固溶体。
双相不锈钢：所谓双相不锈钢是在其固溶组织中铁素体相与奥氏体相约各占一半，一般量少相的含量也需要达到30%。在含C较低的情况下，Cr含量在18%~28%，Ni含量在3%~10%。有些钢还含有Mo、Cu、Nb、Ti，N等合金元素。该类钢兼有奥氏体和铁素体不锈钢的特点，与铁素体相比，塑性、韧性更高，无室温脆性，耐晶间腐蚀性能和焊接性能均显著提高，同时还保持有铁素体不锈钢的475℃脆性以及导热系数高，具有超塑性等特点。与奥氏体不锈钢相比，强度高且耐晶间腐蚀和耐氯化物应力腐蚀有明显提高。双相不锈钢具有优良的耐孔蚀性能，也是一种节镍不锈钢。
类型 | 钢 号 | 牌 号 | 化学成分 % | ||||||||||
C | Cr | Ni | Mn | P | S | Mo | Si | Cu | N | 其它 | |||
奥 氏 体 型 | 201 | 1Cr17Mn6Ni5N | ≤0.15 | 16.00-18.00 | 3.50-5.50 | 5.50－7.50 | ≤0.060 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | ≤0.25 | - |
201L | 03Cr17Mn6Ni5N | ≤0.030 | 16.00-18.00 | 3.50-5.50 | 5.50－7.50 | ≤0.060 | ≤0.030 |
| ≤1.00 |
| ≤0.25 |
| |
202 | 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N | ≤0.15 | 17.00-19.00 | 4.00-6.00 | 7.50-10.00 | ≤0.060 | ≤0.030 |
| ≤1.00 | - | ≤0.25 | － | |
204 | 03Cr16Mn8Ni2N | ≤0.030 | 15.00-17.00 | 1.50-3.50 | 7.00-9.00 |
|
|
|
|
| 0.15-0.30 |
| |
国内研制 | 1Cr18Mn10Ni5Mo3N | ≤0.10 | 17.00-19.00 | 4.00-6.00 | 8.50-12.00 |
|
| 2.80-3.50 |
|
| 0.20-0.30 |
| |
前苏联 | 2Cr13Mn9Ni4 | 0.15-0.25 | 12.00-14.00 | 3.70-5.00 | 8.00-10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
国内研制 | 2Cr15Mn15Ni2N | 0.15-0.25 | 14.00-16.00 | 1.50-3.00 | 14.00-16.00 |
|
|
|
|
| 0.15-0.30 |
| |
| 1Cr18Mn10Ni5Mo3N | ≤0.15 | 17.00-19.00 | 4.00-6.00 | 8.50-12.00 | ≤0.060 | ≤0.030 | 2.8-3.5 | ≤1.00 | - | 0.20-0.30 | - | |
301 | 1Cr17Ni7 | ≤0.15 | 16.00-18.00 | 6.00-8.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.065 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
302 | 1Cr18Ni9 | ≤0.15 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
303 | Y1Cr18Ni9 | ≤0.15 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.20 | ≤0.030 | 1) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
303se | Y1Cr18Ni9Se | ≤0.15 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.20 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | Se≥0.15 | |
304 | 0Cr18Ni9 | ≤0.07 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
304L | 00Cr19Ni10 | ≤0.030 | 18.00-20.00 | 8.00-10.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
304N1 | 0Cr19Ni9N | ≤0.08 | 18.00-20.00 | 7.00-10.50 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | 0.10-0.25 | - | |
304N2 | 0Cr18Ni10NbN | ≤0.08 | 18.00-20.00 | 7.50-10.50 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | 0.15-0.30 | Nb≤0.15 | |
304LN | 00Cr18Ni10N | ≤0.030 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.50-11.50 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | 0.12-0.22 | - | |
305 | 1Cr18Ni12 | ≤0.12 | 17.00-19.00 | 10.50-13.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
309S | 0Cr23Ni13 | ≤0.08 | 22.00-24.00 | 12.00-15.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
310S | 0Cr25Ni20 | ≤0.08 | 24.00-26.00 | 19.00-22.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
316 | 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 | ≤0.08 | 16.00-18.50 | 10.00-14.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.00-3.00 | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
| 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti6) | ≤0.12 | 16.00-19.00 | 11.00-14.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 1.80-2.50 | ≤1.00 | - | - | Ti5(C%-0.02)~0.08 | |
| 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | ≤0.08 | 16.00-19.00 | 11.00-14.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 1.80-2.50 | ≤1.00 | - | - | Ti5*C%-0.70 | |
316L | 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 | ≤0.030 | 16.00-18.00 | 12.00-15.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.00-3.00 | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
316N | 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N | ≤0.08 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.00-3.00 | ≤1.00 | - | 0.10-0.22 | - | |
316N | 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N | ≤0.030 | 16.00-18.50 | 10.50-14.50 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.00-3.00 | ≤1.00 | - | 0.12-0.22 | - | |
316J1 | 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2 | ≤0.08 | 17.00-19.00 | 10.00-14.50 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 1.20-2.75 | ≤1.00 | 1.00-2.50 | - | - | |
316J1L | 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 | ≤0.030 | 17.00-19.00 | 12.00-16.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 1.20-2.75 | ≤1.00 | 1.00-2.50 | - | - | |
317 | 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 | ≤0.12 | 18.00-20.00 | 11.00-15.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 3.00-4.00 | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
317L | 00Cr19Ni13Mo3 | ≤0.08 | 18.00-20.00 | 11.00-15.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 3.00-4.00 | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
| 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti6) | ≤0.12 | 16.00-19.00 | 11.00-14.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.50-3.50 | ≤1.00 | - | - | Ti5(C%-0.02)~0.08 | |
| 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti | ≤0.08 | 16.00-19.00 | 11.00-14.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.50-3.50 | ≤1.00 | - | - | Ti5*C%-0.70 | |
317J1 | 0Cr18Ni16Mo5 | ≤0.040 | 16.00-19.00 | 15.00-17.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 4.00-6.00 | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
321 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti6) | ≤0.12 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-11.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | Ti5(C%-0.02)~0.08 | |
| 0Cr18Ni10Ti | ≤0.08 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-12.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | Ti≥5*C% | |
347 | 0Cr18Ni11Nb | ≤0.08 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-13.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | Nb≥10*C% | |
XM7 | 0Cr18Ni9Cu3 | ≤0.08 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.50-10.50 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | 3.00-4.00 | - | - | |
XM15J1 | 0Cr18Ni13Si4 | ≤0.08 | 15.00-20.00 | 11.50-15.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | 3.00-5.00 | - | - | 2) | |
奥氏体 | 铁素体 | 329J1 | 0Cr26Ni5Mo2 | ≤0.08 | 23.00-28.00 | 3.00-6.00 | ≤1.50 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 1.00-3.00 | ≤1.00 | - | - | 2) |
| 1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi | 0.10-0.18 | 17.50-19.50 | 10.--120.. | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | 3.40-4.00 | - | - | Al 0.10-0.30; Ti 0.40-0.70 | |
| 00Cr18Ni5MoSi2 | ≤0.030 | 18.00-19.50 | 4.50-5.50 | 1.00-2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.50-3.00 | 1.30-2.00 | - | - | - | |
铁素体型 | 405 | 0Cr13Al | ≤0.08 | 11.50-14.50 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | Al 0.10-0.30 |
410L | 00Cr12 | ≤0.030 | 11.00-13.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
430 | 1Cr17 | ≤0.12 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤1.25 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤0.75 | - | - | - | |
430F | Y1Cr17 | ≤0.12 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≥0.15 | 1) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
434 | 1Cr17Mo | ≤0.12 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 0.75-1.25 | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
447J1 | 00Cr30Mo2 | ≤0.010 | 28.50-32.00 | - | ≤0.40 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 1.50-2.50 | ≤0.40 | - | ≤0.015 | - | |
XM27 | 00Cr27Mo | ≤0.010 | 25.00-27.50 | - | ≤0.40 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 0.75-1.50 | ≤0.40 | - | ≤0.015 | - | |
马 氏 体 型 | 403 | 1Cr12 | ≤0.15 | 11.50-13.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤0.50 | - | - | - |
410 | 1Cr13 | ≤0.15 | 11.50-13.50 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
405 | 0Cr13 | ≤0.08 | 11.50-13.50 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
416 | Y1Cr13 | ≤0.15 | 12.00-14.00 | 3) | ≤1.25 | ≤0.035 | ≥0.15 | 1) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
410J1 | 1Cr13Mo | ≤0.08-0.18 | 11.50-14.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 0.30-0.60 | ≤0.60 | - | - | - | |
420J1 | 2Cr13 | 0.16-0.25 | 12.00-14.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
420J2 | 3Cr13 | 0.26-0.35 | 12.00-14.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
420F | Y3Cr13 | 0.26-0.40 | 12.00-14.00 | 3) | ≤1.25 | ≤0.035 | ≥0.15 | 1) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
| 3Cr13Mo | 0.28-0.35 | 12.00-14.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 0.50-1.00 | ≤0.80 | - | - | - | |
| 4Cr13 | 0.36-0.45 | 12.00-14.00 | 3) | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤0.60 | - | - | - | |
431 | 1Cr17Ni2 | 0.11-0.17 | 16.00-18.00 | 1.50-2.50 | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤0.80 | - | - | - | |
440A | 7Cr17 | 0.60-0.75 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 4) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
440B | 8Cr17 | 0.75-0.95 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 4) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
| 9Cr18 | 0.90-1.00 | 17.00-19.00 | 3) | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 4) | ≤0.80 | - | - | - | |
440C | 11Cr17 | 0.95-1.20 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 4) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
440F | Y11Cr17 | 0.95-1.20 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤1.25 | ≤0.035 | ≥0.15 | 4) | ≤1.00 | - | - | - | |
| 9Cr18Mo | 0.95-1.10 | 16.00-18.00 | 3) | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 0.40-0.70 | ≤0.80 | - | - | - | |
| 9Cr18MoV | 0.85-0.95 | 17.00-19.00 | 3) | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 1.00-1.30 | ≤0.80 | - | - | V0.07-0.12 | |
沉淀硬化型 | 630 | 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb | ≤0.07 | 15.50-17.50 | 6.50-7.50 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | 3.00-5.00 | - | Nb 0.15-0.45 |
631 | 0Cr17Ni7Al | ≤0.09 | 16.00-18.00 | 6.50-7.50 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | - | ≤1.00 | ≤0.50 | - | Al 0.75-1.50 | |
632 | 0Cr15Ni7Mo2Al | ≤0.09 | 14.00-16.00 | 6.50-7.50 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.030 | 2.00-3.00 | ≤1.00 | - | - | Al 0.75-1.50 | |
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